mac上如何设置代理在.zshrc

The user is asking how to set up a proxy on Mac in the .zshrc file. This is a common technical question about terminal proxy configuration. This is general knowledge that I can answer directly without needing to search - it’s stable technical knowledge that doesn’t change frequently.

Let me write a comprehensive answer about setting up proxy in .zshrc on macOS.

Key points to cover:

Basic proxy environment variables (http_proxy, https_proxy, all_proxy)
Creating proxy on/off functions
Common proxy ports (Clash 7890, V2Ray 1080, Shadowsocks 1087/1086, etc.)
no_proxy settings
Verification methods
Common tools and their configurations (git, npm, etc.)

The standard approach:

# ~/.zshrc
# 设置代理
proxy_on() {
    export http_proxy=http://127.0.0.1:7890
    export https_proxy=http://127.0.0.1:7890
    export all_proxy=socks5://127.0.0.1:7890
    echo "代理已开启"
}

proxy_off() {
    unset http_proxy https_proxy all_proxy
    echo "代理已关闭"
}

Common ports:

Clash / Clash Verge / ClashX: HTTP 7890 (mixed port), SOCKS 7891
V2RayN/V2Ray: HTTP 1087/10808, SOCKS 1080/10808
Shadowsocks: HTTP 1087, SOCKS 1080
Surge: HTTP 6152, SOCKS 6153

Verification:

curl cip.cc or curl ip.sb, curl ifconfig.me
echo $http_proxy
curl -v google.com

Important notes:

HTTP proxy env var doesn’t apply to all apps (browsers use system proxy)
Terminal apps like curl, wget respect env vars
git may need separate config
The http_proxy scheme for socks: socks5://
For socks proxy with http_proxy variable, need socks5:// scheme

Also mention:

Always-on vs on-demand
no_proxy for local addresses
macOS system proxy (networksettings) is separate from shell env

Let me also mention useful aliases and checking with env | grep -i proxy.

For git specifically: git uses http_proxy env vars, but for SSH protocol it doesn’t.

I should write this in Chinese since the user is asking in Chinese. The format should be a clear technical guide with code blocks. Previous responses have been detailed with headers and tables, which fits the technical how-to nature of the question. I’ll keep a similar style - structured markdown with code examples.

This doesn’t need a search - it’s stable technical knowledge.

在 Mac 的 .zshrc 中配置代理

一、基础写法（直接生效）

编辑 ~/.zshrc：

vim ~/.zshrc
# 或
open -e ~/.zshrc

加入以下内容（端口换成你自己的，下面以 Clash 默认 7890 为例）：

export http_proxy="http://127.0.0.1:7890"
export https_proxy="http://127.0.0.1:7890"
export all_proxy="socks5://127.0.0.1:7890"
export no_proxy="localhost,127.0.0.1,192.168.*.*,10.*.*.*"

保存后让配置生效：

source ~/.zshrc

⚠️ 缺点：这样写是永久全局生效，代理软件没开时终端所有网络请求都会失败。所以更推荐下面的开关函数方案。

二、推荐写法：开关函数（大多数人用这种）

# ===== 终端代理开关 =====
proxy_on() {
    export http_proxy="http://127.0.0.1:7890"
    export https_proxy="http://127.0.0.1:7890"
    export all_proxy="socks5://127.0.0.1:7890"
    export HTTP_PROXY=$http_proxy
    export HTTPS_PROXY=$https_proxy
    export ALL_PROXY=$all_proxy
    echo "✅ 代理已开启 → $http_proxy"
}

proxy_off() {
    unset http_proxy https_proxy all_proxy \
          HTTP_PROXY HTTPS_PROXY ALL_PROXY
    echo "❌ 代理已关闭"
}

# 一条命令查看当前出口 IP
proxy_ip() {
    curl -s --connect-timeout 5 cip.cc || echo "查询失败"
}

使用方式：

proxy_on      # 开启代理
proxy_off     # 关闭代理
proxy_ip      # 查看当前出口 IP，验证是否生效

保存后 source ~/.zshrc 生效。

三、端口怎么填？（按代理软件对号入座）

代理软件	HTTP 端口	SOCKS5 端口
Clash / ClashX / Clash Verge	7890（Mixed 混合端口）	7891（或 7890）
Surge	6152	6153
V2Ray / V2RayN	1087（部分为 10809）	1080（部分为 10808）
Shadowsocks (macOS 客户端)	1087	1080
Quantumult X / 其他	看软件设置里的“本地监听端口”	—

不确定就在代理软件设置里找 “HTTP 端口 / Mixed Port / 本地监听”。

另外，代理软件需开启 “允许局域网连接” 一般不需要，但确保它在监听 127.0.0.1 或 0.0.0.0。

四、验证代理是否生效

# 1. 查看环境变量
env | grep -i proxy

# 2. 看出口 IP（应显示代理节点的 IP）
curl cip.cc

# 3. 测试 Google（能返回内容即成功）
curl -I https://www.google.com

五、常见坑

问题	说明
curl 生效但 git 不生效	git 走 HTTPS 时会用环境变量，一般没问题；但 SSH 方式（git@github.com）不读环境变量，需改 SSH 的 ProxyCommand
npm / yarn 不走代理	npm 有自己的配置：`npm config set proxy http://127.0.0.1:7890`
终端生效但浏览器/APP 不生效	环境变量只对终端程序（curl、wget、git 等）有效；浏览器请开系统代理或用代理软件的“系统代理”开关
SOCKS 代理写法	环境变量里要用 `socks5://` 前缀：`export all_proxy=socks5://127.0.0.1:1080`
开了函数但 curl 走的还是直连	检查是否小写/大写变量都设了，某些程序只认大写 `HTTP_PROXY`
Clash 没开但 proxy_on 了	所有请求超时，`proxy_off` 关掉即可

git 走 SSH 协议时代理（进阶，可选）

# ~/.ssh/config
Host github.com
    ProxyCommand nc -X 5 -x 127.0.0.1:7890 %h %p

六、完整示例（可直接抄走）

# ========== Proxy ==========
proxy_on() {
    export http_proxy="http://127.0.0.1:7890"
    export https_proxy="http://127.0.0.1:7890"
    export all_proxy="socks5://127.0.0.1:7890"
    echo "Proxy ON  → $http_proxy"
}

proxy_off() {
    unset http_proxy https_proxy all_proxy
    echo "Proxy OFF"
}

alias pip='proxy_on && pip' # 谨慎使用，按需添加

一句话总结：在 ~/.zshrc 里定义 proxy_on / proxy_off 两个函数，填对代理软件的监听端口，source ~/.zshrc 后随开随关，用 curl cip.cc 验证。

Mac 如何在 .zshrc 中设置代理及开启关闭方法